Response of High-yielding Upland Rice to Fertilization for Intensive Nutrient Production System
Abstract
Selection of high-yielding and nutrient-responsive upland rice variety is indispensable in improving yield. The yield of five upland rice varieties was evaluated with the same levels of fertilization; the highest-yielding variety was then grown under different levels of nitrogen fertilization along with other recommended doses of phosphorus and potassium (no fertilization, recommended rate of 120-90-60, 180-90-60, 240-90-60, and 300-90-60 kg ha-1 NPK) at University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Claveria campus in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The study followed a randomized complete block design with three replications. The traditional upland rice “Speaker” produced the highest yield among varieties when applied with the same levels of fertilization. However, when applied with varying levels of nitrogen fertilizer, the yield of “Speaker” plateaued at the application of twice the recommended
rate. The yield increased by 172% relative to no fertilization and 60% relative to the recommended rate when the recommended nitrogen application was doubled. The total dry matter accumulation also plateaued when applied twice of the recommended
nitrogen fertilizer. The relative chlorophyll content tended to remain higher with a higher level of nitrogen application. There was a positive correlation between the yield and the total dry matter weight at harvest, and the dry matter weight at harvest and
relative chlorophyll content at one week after heading. The significant increase in the yield of traditional upland rice “Speaker” from 1.0 to 4.0 t ha-1 indicates its potential to respond positively under the intensive nutrient upland rice production system.
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